Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers.
Identifieur interne : 002965 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002964; suivant : 002966Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers.
Auteurs : P. Schellart [Pays-Bas] ; T N G. Trinh [Pays-Bas] ; S. Buitink [Pays-Bas] ; A. Corstanje [Pays-Bas] ; J E Enriquez [Pays-Bas] ; H. Falcke [Pays-Bas] ; J R Hörandel [Pays-Bas] ; A. Nelles [Pays-Bas] ; J P Rachen [Pays-Bas] ; L. Rossetto [Pays-Bas] ; O. Scholten [Pays-Bas] ; S. Ter Veen [Pays-Bas] ; S. Thoudam [Pays-Bas] ; U. Ebert [Pays-Bas] ; C. Koehn [Pays-Bas] ; C. Rutjes [Pays-Bas] ; A. Alexov [États-Unis] ; J M Anderson [Allemagne] ; I M Avruch [Pays-Bas] ; M J Bentum [Pays-Bas] ; G. Bernardi [États-Unis] ; P. Best [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Bonafede [Allemagne] ; F. Breitling [Allemagne] ; J W Broderick [Royaume-Uni] ; M. Brüggen [Allemagne] ; H R Butcher [Australie] ; B. Ciardi [Allemagne] ; E. De Geus [Pays-Bas] ; M. De Vos [Pays-Bas] ; S. Duscha [Pays-Bas] ; J. Eislöffel [Allemagne] ; R A Fallows [Pays-Bas] ; W. Frieswijk [Pays-Bas] ; M A Garrett [Pays-Bas] ; J. Grie Meier [France] ; A W Gunst [Pays-Bas] ; G. Heald [Pays-Bas] ; J W T. Hessels [Pays-Bas] ; M. Hoeft [Allemagne] ; H A Holties [Pays-Bas] ; E. Juette [Allemagne] ; V I Kondratiev [Pays-Bas] ; M. Kuniyoshi [Japon] ; G. Kuper [Pays-Bas] ; G. Mann [Allemagne] ; R. Mcfadden [Pays-Bas] ; D. Mckay-Bukowski [Finlande] ; J P Mckean [Pays-Bas] ; M. Mevius [Pays-Bas] ; J. Moldon [Pays-Bas] ; M J Norden [Pays-Bas] ; E. Orru [Pays-Bas] ; H. Paas [Pays-Bas] ; M. Pandey-Pommier [France] ; R. Pizzo [Pays-Bas] ; A G Polatidis [Pays-Bas] ; W. Reich [Allemagne] ; H. Röttgering [Pays-Bas] ; A M M. Scaife [Royaume-Uni] ; D J Schwarz [Allemagne] ; M. Serylak [Royaume-Uni] ; O. Smirnov [Afrique du Sud] ; M. Steinmetz [Allemagne] ; J. Swinbank [Pays-Bas] ; M. Tagger [France] ; C. Tasse [France] ; M C Toribio [Pays-Bas] ; R J Van Weeren [États-Unis] ; R. Vermeulen [Pays-Bas] ; C. Vocks [Allemagne] ; M W Wise [Pays-Bas] ; O. Wucknitz [Allemagne] ; P. Zarka [France]Source :
- Physical review letters [ 1079-7114 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.165001
PubMed: 25955053
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Allemagne, Australie, Finlande, France, Japon, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Brandebourg, District de Cologne, Groningue (province), Hambourg, Hollande-Septentrionale, Oxfordshire, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, Région de Kantō, Écosse
- Amsterdam, Bonn, Groningue (ville), Hambourg, Oxford, Potsdam, Tokyo, Édimbourg
- Université d'Amsterdam, Université d'Oxford, Université d'Édimbourg, Université de Groningue
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Trinh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buitink, S" sort="Buitink, S" uniqKey="Buitink S" first="S" last="Buitink">S. Buitink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corstanje, A" sort="Corstanje, A" uniqKey="Corstanje A" first="A" last="Corstanje">A. Corstanje</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enriquez, J E" sort="Enriquez, J E" uniqKey="Enriquez J" first="J E" last="Enriquez">J E Enriquez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falcke, H" sort="Falcke, H" uniqKey="Falcke H" first="H" last="Falcke">H. Falcke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horandel, J R" sort="Horandel, J R" uniqKey="Horandel J" first="J R" last="Hörandel">J R Hörandel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelles, A" sort="Nelles, A" uniqKey="Nelles A" first="A" last="Nelles">A. Nelles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rachen, J P" sort="Rachen, J P" uniqKey="Rachen J" first="J P" last="Rachen">J P Rachen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossetto, L" sort="Rossetto, L" uniqKey="Rossetto L" first="L" last="Rossetto">L. Rossetto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholten, O" sort="Scholten, O" uniqKey="Scholten O" first="O" last="Scholten">O. Scholten</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ter Veen, S" sort="Ter Veen, S" uniqKey="Ter Veen S" first="S" last="Ter Veen">S. Ter Veen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thoudam, S" sort="Thoudam, S" uniqKey="Thoudam S" first="S" last="Thoudam">S. Thoudam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebert, U" sort="Ebert, U" uniqKey="Ebert U" first="U" last="Ebert">U. Ebert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koehn, C" sort="Koehn, C" uniqKey="Koehn C" first="C" last="Koehn">C. Koehn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rutjes, C" sort="Rutjes, C" uniqKey="Rutjes C" first="C" last="Rutjes">C. Rutjes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexov, A" sort="Alexov, A" uniqKey="Alexov A" first="A" last="Alexov">A. Alexov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maryland 21218</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, J M" sort="Anderson, J M" uniqKey="Anderson J" first="J M" last="Anderson">J M Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, DeutschesGeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, A17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, DeutschesGeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, A17, 14473 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Brandebourg</region><settlement type="city">Potsdam</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avruch, I M" sort="Avruch, I M" uniqKey="Avruch I" first="I M" last="Avruch">I M Avruch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>9700 AV Groningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bentum, M J" sort="Bentum, M J" uniqKey="Bentum M" first="M J" last="Bentum">M J Bentum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bernardi, G" sort="Bernardi, G" uniqKey="Bernardi G" first="G" last="Bernardi">G. Bernardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Best, P" sort="Best, P" uniqKey="Best P" first="P" last="Best">P. Best</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonafede, A" sort="Bonafede, A" uniqKey="Bonafede A" first="A" last="Bonafede">A. Bonafede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breitling, F" sort="Breitling, F" uniqKey="Breitling F" first="F" last="Breitling">F. Breitling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broderick, J W" sort="Broderick, J W" uniqKey="Broderick J" first="J W" last="Broderick">J W Broderick</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruggen, M" sort="Bruggen, M" uniqKey="Bruggen M" first="M" last="Brüggen">M. Brüggen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butcher, H R" sort="Butcher, H R" uniqKey="Butcher H" first="H R" last="Butcher">H R Butcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mt. Stromlo Observatory, via Cotter Road, Weston, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mt. Stromlo Observatory, via Cotter Road, Weston, Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciardi, B" sort="Ciardi, B" uniqKey="Ciardi B" first="B" last="Ciardi">B. Ciardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Straße 1, 85741 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Straße 1, 85741 Garching</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, E" sort="De Geus, E" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="E" last="De Geus">E. De Geus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vos, M" sort="De Vos, M" uniqKey="De Vos M" first="M" last="De Vos">M. De Vos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duscha, S" sort="Duscha, S" uniqKey="Duscha S" first="S" last="Duscha">S. Duscha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisloffel, J" sort="Eisloffel, J" uniqKey="Eisloffel J" first="J" last="Eislöffel">J. Eislöffel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fallows, R A" sort="Fallows, R A" uniqKey="Fallows R" first="R A" last="Fallows">R A Fallows</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frieswijk, W" sort="Frieswijk, W" uniqKey="Frieswijk W" first="W" last="Frieswijk">W. Frieswijk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garrett, M A" sort="Garrett, M A" uniqKey="Garrett M" first="M A" last="Garrett">M A Garrett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grie Meier, J" sort="Grie Meier, J" uniqKey="Grie Meier J" first="J" last="Grie Meier">J. Grie Meier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunst, A W" sort="Gunst, A W" uniqKey="Gunst A" first="A W" last="Gunst">A W Gunst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heald, G" sort="Heald, G" uniqKey="Heald G" first="G" last="Heald">G. Heald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hessels, J W T" sort="Hessels, J W T" uniqKey="Hessels J" first="J W T" last="Hessels">J W T. Hessels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeft, M" sort="Hoeft, M" uniqKey="Hoeft M" first="M" last="Hoeft">M. Hoeft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holties, H A" sort="Holties, H A" uniqKey="Holties H" first="H A" last="Holties">H A Holties</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juette, E" sort="Juette, E" uniqKey="Juette E" first="E" last="Juette">E. Juette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kondratiev, V I" sort="Kondratiev, V I" uniqKey="Kondratiev V" first="V I" last="Kondratiev">V I Kondratiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuniyoshi, M" sort="Kuniyoshi, M" uniqKey="Kuniyoshi M" first="M" last="Kuniyoshi">M. Kuniyoshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuper, G" sort="Kuper, G" uniqKey="Kuper G" first="G" last="Kuper">G. Kuper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mann, G" sort="Mann, G" uniqKey="Mann G" first="G" last="Mann">G. Mann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfadden, R" sort="Mcfadden, R" uniqKey="Mcfadden R" first="R" last="Mcfadden">R. Mcfadden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay Bukowski, D" sort="Mckay Bukowski, D" uniqKey="Mckay Bukowski D" first="D" last="Mckay-Bukowski">D. Mckay-Bukowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>99600 Sodankylä</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckean, J P" sort="Mckean, J P" uniqKey="Mckean J" first="J P" last="Mckean">J P Mckean</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mevius, M" sort="Mevius, M" uniqKey="Mevius M" first="M" last="Mevius">M. Mevius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moldon, J" sort="Moldon, J" uniqKey="Moldon J" first="J" last="Moldon">J. Moldon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norden, M J" sort="Norden, M J" uniqKey="Norden M" first="M J" last="Norden">M J Norden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, E" sort="Orru, E" uniqKey="Orru E" first="E" last="Orru">E. Orru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paas, H" sort="Paas, H" uniqKey="Paas H" first="H" last="Paas">H. Paas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey Pommier, M" sort="Pandey Pommier, M" uniqKey="Pandey Pommier M" first="M" last="Pandey-Pommier">M. Pandey-Pommier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 Avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 Avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pizzo, R" sort="Pizzo, R" uniqKey="Pizzo R" first="R" last="Pizzo">R. Pizzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polatidis, A G" sort="Polatidis, A G" uniqKey="Polatidis A" first="A G" last="Polatidis">A G Polatidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, W" sort="Reich, W" uniqKey="Reich W" first="W" last="Reich">W. Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rottgering, H" sort="Rottgering, H" uniqKey="Rottgering H" first="H" last="Röttgering">H. Röttgering</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2300 RA Leiden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scaife, A M M" sort="Scaife, A M M" uniqKey="Scaife A" first="A M M" last="Scaife">A M M. Scaife</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, D J" sort="Schwarz, D J" uniqKey="Schwarz D" first="D J" last="Schwarz">D J Schwarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serylak, M" sort="Serylak, M" uniqKey="Serylak M" first="M" last="Serylak">M. Serylak</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smirnov, O" sort="Smirnov, O" uniqKey="Smirnov O" first="O" last="Smirnov">O. Smirnov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grahamstown 6140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, M" sort="Steinmetz, M" uniqKey="Steinmetz M" first="M" last="Steinmetz">M. Steinmetz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swinbank, J" sort="Swinbank, J" uniqKey="Swinbank J" first="J" last="Swinbank">J. Swinbank</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagger, M" sort="Tagger, M" uniqKey="Tagger M" first="M" last="Tagger">M. Tagger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tasse, C" sort="Tasse, C" uniqKey="Tasse C" first="C" last="Tasse">C. Tasse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toribio, M C" sort="Toribio, M C" uniqKey="Toribio M" first="M C" last="Toribio">M C Toribio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Weeren, R J" sort="Van Weeren, R J" uniqKey="Van Weeren R" first="R J" last="Van Weeren">R J Van Weeren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, R" sort="Vermeulen, R" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="R" last="Vermeulen">R. Vermeulen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vocks, C" sort="Vocks, C" uniqKey="Vocks C" first="C" last="Vocks">C. Vocks</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wise, M W" sort="Wise, M W" uniqKey="Wise M" first="M W" last="Wise">M W Wise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wucknitz, O" sort="Wucknitz, O" uniqKey="Wucknitz O" first="O" last="Wucknitz">O. Wucknitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarka, P" sort="Zarka, P" uniqKey="Zarka P" first="P" last="Zarka">P. Zarka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25955053</idno><idno type="pmid">25955053</idno><idno type="doi">10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.165001</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002E22</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002E22</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002D46</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002D46</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002D46</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002D46</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002549</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002549</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002549</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002965</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002965</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002965</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers.</title><author><name sortKey="Schellart, P" sort="Schellart, P" uniqKey="Schellart P" first="P" last="Schellart">P. Schellart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trinh, T N G" sort="Trinh, T N G" uniqKey="Trinh T" first="T N G" last="Trinh">T N G. Trinh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buitink, S" sort="Buitink, S" uniqKey="Buitink S" first="S" last="Buitink">S. Buitink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corstanje, A" sort="Corstanje, A" uniqKey="Corstanje A" first="A" last="Corstanje">A. Corstanje</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enriquez, J E" sort="Enriquez, J E" uniqKey="Enriquez J" first="J E" last="Enriquez">J E Enriquez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falcke, H" sort="Falcke, H" uniqKey="Falcke H" first="H" last="Falcke">H. Falcke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horandel, J R" sort="Horandel, J R" uniqKey="Horandel J" first="J R" last="Hörandel">J R Hörandel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelles, A" sort="Nelles, A" uniqKey="Nelles A" first="A" last="Nelles">A. Nelles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rachen, J P" sort="Rachen, J P" uniqKey="Rachen J" first="J P" last="Rachen">J P Rachen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossetto, L" sort="Rossetto, L" uniqKey="Rossetto L" first="L" last="Rossetto">L. Rossetto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholten, O" sort="Scholten, O" uniqKey="Scholten O" first="O" last="Scholten">O. Scholten</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ter Veen, S" sort="Ter Veen, S" uniqKey="Ter Veen S" first="S" last="Ter Veen">S. Ter Veen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thoudam, S" sort="Thoudam, S" uniqKey="Thoudam S" first="S" last="Thoudam">S. Thoudam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebert, U" sort="Ebert, U" uniqKey="Ebert U" first="U" last="Ebert">U. Ebert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koehn, C" sort="Koehn, C" uniqKey="Koehn C" first="C" last="Koehn">C. Koehn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rutjes, C" sort="Rutjes, C" uniqKey="Rutjes C" first="C" last="Rutjes">C. Rutjes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), PO Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1090 GB Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexov, A" sort="Alexov, A" uniqKey="Alexov A" first="A" last="Alexov">A. Alexov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maryland 21218</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, J M" sort="Anderson, J M" uniqKey="Anderson J" first="J M" last="Anderson">J M Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, DeutschesGeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, A17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, DeutschesGeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, A17, 14473 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Brandebourg</region><settlement type="city">Potsdam</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avruch, I M" sort="Avruch, I M" uniqKey="Avruch I" first="I M" last="Avruch">I M Avruch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>9700 AV Groningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bentum, M J" sort="Bentum, M J" uniqKey="Bentum M" first="M J" last="Bentum">M J Bentum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bernardi, G" sort="Bernardi, G" uniqKey="Bernardi G" first="G" last="Bernardi">G. Bernardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Best, P" sort="Best, P" uniqKey="Best P" first="P" last="Best">P. Best</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonafede, A" sort="Bonafede, A" uniqKey="Bonafede A" first="A" last="Bonafede">A. Bonafede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breitling, F" sort="Breitling, F" uniqKey="Breitling F" first="F" last="Breitling">F. Breitling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broderick, J W" sort="Broderick, J W" uniqKey="Broderick J" first="J W" last="Broderick">J W Broderick</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruggen, M" sort="Bruggen, M" uniqKey="Bruggen M" first="M" last="Brüggen">M. Brüggen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butcher, H R" sort="Butcher, H R" uniqKey="Butcher H" first="H R" last="Butcher">H R Butcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mt. Stromlo Observatory, via Cotter Road, Weston, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mt. Stromlo Observatory, via Cotter Road, Weston, Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciardi, B" sort="Ciardi, B" uniqKey="Ciardi B" first="B" last="Ciardi">B. Ciardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Straße 1, 85741 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Straße 1, 85741 Garching</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, E" sort="De Geus, E" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="E" last="De Geus">E. De Geus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vos, M" sort="De Vos, M" uniqKey="De Vos M" first="M" last="De Vos">M. De Vos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duscha, S" sort="Duscha, S" uniqKey="Duscha S" first="S" last="Duscha">S. Duscha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisloffel, J" sort="Eisloffel, J" uniqKey="Eisloffel J" first="J" last="Eislöffel">J. Eislöffel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fallows, R A" sort="Fallows, R A" uniqKey="Fallows R" first="R A" last="Fallows">R A Fallows</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frieswijk, W" sort="Frieswijk, W" uniqKey="Frieswijk W" first="W" last="Frieswijk">W. Frieswijk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garrett, M A" sort="Garrett, M A" uniqKey="Garrett M" first="M A" last="Garrett">M A Garrett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grie Meier, J" sort="Grie Meier, J" uniqKey="Grie Meier J" first="J" last="Grie Meier">J. Grie Meier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunst, A W" sort="Gunst, A W" uniqKey="Gunst A" first="A W" last="Gunst">A W Gunst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heald, G" sort="Heald, G" uniqKey="Heald G" first="G" last="Heald">G. Heald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hessels, J W T" sort="Hessels, J W T" uniqKey="Hessels J" first="J W T" last="Hessels">J W T. Hessels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeft, M" sort="Hoeft, M" uniqKey="Hoeft M" first="M" last="Hoeft">M. Hoeft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holties, H A" sort="Holties, H A" uniqKey="Holties H" first="H A" last="Holties">H A Holties</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juette, E" sort="Juette, E" uniqKey="Juette E" first="E" last="Juette">E. Juette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kondratiev, V I" sort="Kondratiev, V I" uniqKey="Kondratiev V" first="V I" last="Kondratiev">V I Kondratiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuniyoshi, M" sort="Kuniyoshi, M" uniqKey="Kuniyoshi M" first="M" last="Kuniyoshi">M. Kuniyoshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuper, G" sort="Kuper, G" uniqKey="Kuper G" first="G" last="Kuper">G. Kuper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mann, G" sort="Mann, G" uniqKey="Mann G" first="G" last="Mann">G. Mann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfadden, R" sort="Mcfadden, R" uniqKey="Mcfadden R" first="R" last="Mcfadden">R. Mcfadden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay Bukowski, D" sort="Mckay Bukowski, D" uniqKey="Mckay Bukowski D" first="D" last="Mckay-Bukowski">D. Mckay-Bukowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>99600 Sodankylä</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckean, J P" sort="Mckean, J P" uniqKey="Mckean J" first="J P" last="Mckean">J P Mckean</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mevius, M" sort="Mevius, M" uniqKey="Mevius M" first="M" last="Mevius">M. Mevius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moldon, J" sort="Moldon, J" uniqKey="Moldon J" first="J" last="Moldon">J. Moldon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norden, M J" sort="Norden, M J" uniqKey="Norden M" first="M J" last="Norden">M J Norden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, E" sort="Orru, E" uniqKey="Orru E" first="E" last="Orru">E. Orru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paas, H" sort="Paas, H" uniqKey="Paas H" first="H" last="Paas">H. Paas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey Pommier, M" sort="Pandey Pommier, M" uniqKey="Pandey Pommier M" first="M" last="Pandey-Pommier">M. Pandey-Pommier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 Avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 Avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pizzo, R" sort="Pizzo, R" uniqKey="Pizzo R" first="R" last="Pizzo">R. Pizzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polatidis, A G" sort="Polatidis, A G" uniqKey="Polatidis A" first="A G" last="Polatidis">A G Polatidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, W" sort="Reich, W" uniqKey="Reich W" first="W" last="Reich">W. Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rottgering, H" sort="Rottgering, H" uniqKey="Rottgering H" first="H" last="Röttgering">H. Röttgering</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2300 RA Leiden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scaife, A M M" sort="Scaife, A M M" uniqKey="Scaife A" first="A M M" last="Scaife">A M M. Scaife</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, D J" sort="Schwarz, D J" uniqKey="Schwarz D" first="D J" last="Schwarz">D J Schwarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serylak, M" sort="Serylak, M" uniqKey="Serylak M" first="M" last="Serylak">M. Serylak</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smirnov, O" sort="Smirnov, O" uniqKey="Smirnov O" first="O" last="Smirnov">O. Smirnov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grahamstown 6140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, M" sort="Steinmetz, M" uniqKey="Steinmetz M" first="M" last="Steinmetz">M. Steinmetz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swinbank, J" sort="Swinbank, J" uniqKey="Swinbank J" first="J" last="Swinbank">J. Swinbank</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagger, M" sort="Tagger, M" uniqKey="Tagger M" first="M" last="Tagger">M. Tagger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E, Universíte d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tasse, C" sort="Tasse, C" uniqKey="Tasse C" first="C" last="Tasse">C. Tasse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toribio, M C" sort="Toribio, M C" uniqKey="Toribio M" first="M C" last="Toribio">M C Toribio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Weeren, R J" sort="Van Weeren, R J" uniqKey="Van Weeren R" first="R J" last="Van Weeren">R J Van Weeren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, R" sort="Vermeulen, R" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="R" last="Vermeulen">R. Vermeulen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vocks, C" sort="Vocks, C" uniqKey="Vocks C" first="C" last="Vocks">C. Vocks</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wise, M W" sort="Wise, M W" uniqKey="Wise M" first="M W" last="Wise">M W Wise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wucknitz, O" sort="Wucknitz, O" uniqKey="Wucknitz O" first="O" last="Wucknitz">O. Wucknitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarka, P" sort="Zarka, P" uniqKey="Zarka P" first="P" last="Zarka">P. Zarka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LESIA, UMR CNRS 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>92195 Meudon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Physical review letters</title><idno type="eISSN">1079-7114</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Japon</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Brandebourg</li><li>District de Cologne</li><li>Groningue (province)</li><li>Hambourg</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Oxfordshire</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li><li>Région de Kantō</li><li>Écosse</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Bonn</li><li>Groningue (ville)</li><li>Hambourg</li><li>Oxford</li><li>Potsdam</li><li>Tokyo</li><li>Édimbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Amsterdam</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li><li>Université de Groningue</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Schellart, P" sort="Schellart, P" uniqKey="Schellart P" first="P" last="Schellart">P. Schellart</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Avruch, I M" sort="Avruch, I M" uniqKey="Avruch I" first="I M" last="Avruch">I M Avruch</name><name sortKey="Bentum, M J" sort="Bentum, M J" uniqKey="Bentum M" first="M J" last="Bentum">M J Bentum</name><name sortKey="Buitink, S" sort="Buitink, S" uniqKey="Buitink S" first="S" last="Buitink">S. Buitink</name><name sortKey="Corstanje, A" sort="Corstanje, A" uniqKey="Corstanje A" first="A" last="Corstanje">A. Corstanje</name><name sortKey="De Geus, E" sort="De Geus, E" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="E" last="De Geus">E. De Geus</name><name sortKey="De Vos, M" sort="De Vos, M" uniqKey="De Vos M" first="M" last="De Vos">M. De Vos</name><name sortKey="Duscha, S" sort="Duscha, S" uniqKey="Duscha S" first="S" last="Duscha">S. Duscha</name><name sortKey="Ebert, U" sort="Ebert, U" uniqKey="Ebert U" first="U" last="Ebert">U. Ebert</name><name sortKey="Enriquez, J E" sort="Enriquez, J E" uniqKey="Enriquez J" first="J E" last="Enriquez">J E Enriquez</name><name sortKey="Falcke, H" sort="Falcke, H" uniqKey="Falcke H" first="H" last="Falcke">H. Falcke</name><name sortKey="Fallows, R A" sort="Fallows, R A" uniqKey="Fallows R" first="R A" last="Fallows">R A Fallows</name><name sortKey="Frieswijk, W" sort="Frieswijk, W" uniqKey="Frieswijk W" first="W" last="Frieswijk">W. Frieswijk</name><name sortKey="Garrett, M A" sort="Garrett, M A" uniqKey="Garrett M" first="M A" last="Garrett">M A Garrett</name><name sortKey="Gunst, A W" sort="Gunst, A W" uniqKey="Gunst A" first="A W" last="Gunst">A W Gunst</name><name sortKey="Heald, G" sort="Heald, G" uniqKey="Heald G" first="G" last="Heald">G. Heald</name><name sortKey="Hessels, J W T" sort="Hessels, J W T" uniqKey="Hessels J" first="J W T" last="Hessels">J W T. 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